Overview of Dynamic Load Management (DLM) | Nayax Energy

With DLM, available power is intelligently shared across all active EV chargers, optimizing performance and preventing overload reducing or eliminating costly electrical upgrade requirements.

General

What Is DLM?

Dynamic Load Management (DLM) intelligently distributes available electrical capacity across all active EV chargers at a site preventing overload while maximizing utilization. Without DLM, deploying multiple chargers often requires costly electrical infrastructure upgrades.

The Problem It Solves

Every site has a maximum capacity limit (in Amperes or Watts). Running multiple chargers simultaneously at full power can exceed this limit, causing:

Circuit breaker trips disrupting all active sessions
Grid damage and safety hazards
Expensive electrical supply upgrades

Example: A 100A site with 5 × 32A chargers would draw 160A at full load. DLM keeps total demand within 100A by dynamically throttling each charger.

Working Modes

Mode	Behavior
Mode 0	No capacity limitation - no DLM intervention.
Mode 1	Capacity is limited but sufficient for all chargers (minimum 6A each). DLM distributes current proportionally.
Mode 2	Not enough capacity for all chargers. DLM cycles sessions each vehicle gets a rotating time window of active charging.

Key DLM Behaviors

Suspended by EV

When a vehicle completes charging, reaches a set limit, or suspends itself, the charger reports this via OCPP. DLM redistributes freed capacity to other chargers.

Suspended by Server - Low Consumption

If a vehicle draws less than 5A across three consecutive MeterValues (30s apart), DLM suspends that session to free capacity for others. This handles long charging tails efficiently.

Suspended by Server - Insufficient Capacity

In Mode 2, when more vehicles are connected than the breaker can serve, DLM sends a 0A profile to rotate sessions, ensuring fair access over time.

DLM Calculation Engine

Event-Based Triggers

Start Charging: recalculates and redistributes current to include new session
MeterValue: adjusts allocation based on actual consumption changes
Stop Charging: reallocates freed capacity to remain active sessions

Background Cycle (Every 30 Seconds)

In addition to event triggers, DLM runs a proactive rebalancing cycle:

Clear stale sessions
Wake up unresponsive chargers
Detect chargers drawing below their allocation
Redistribute capacity fairly
Send updated current limits via OCPP (REST/Lynx) or MQTT (Nayax proprietary)

Default Smart Charging Profiles

Tx Default Profiles define fallback behavior when a charger is offline. DLM does not override these they are the safety net.

Mode	Default Profile Behavior
Mode 1	Default = 6A. DLM overrides upward when capacity is available.
Mode 2	Default = 0A. TxProfile sets active limit; renewed every ~10 min (e.g., 15-min profile, renewed at 10 min).

In Mode 2, a 0A default ensures that if the DLM goes offline, no charger exceeds site capacity on its own.

Charger States

State	Meaning
Charging	Actively delivering power to a vehicle.
Pending	Vehicle connected, waiting for capacity to free up.
Suspended EV	Vehicle paused charging (battery full/cooling/limit). Capacity redistributed.
Suspended EVSE	DLM set allocation to 0A - either freeing capacity or cycling (Mode 2).
Available	Online and ready, no vehicle connected.
Offline	Not communicating. No capacity allocated; falls back to default profile.

Additional Capabilities

Capability	Details
AC & DC Support	AC: 6-32A. DC fast chargers: 6-1,000A. Site capacity can be configured in Amperes or Watts. When configured in Watts, the system converts to Amperes per charger using real-time voltage data.
Multi-Protocol	OCPP via REST (Lynx gateway) for standard chargers; MQTT (Bridge gateway) for Nayax proprietary.
Fail-Safe Design	On communication loss, DLM reduces/stops allocation. Charger falls back to default profile. Auto-rejoins on reconnect.
State Recovery	DLM state saved to Redis. On restart, recovers last known state within seconds — no session interruption.
Per-Actor Locking	Calculations per site are isolated — one site's processing never interferes with another's.

Configuration Overview

All configuration is done on the Nayax Energy CSMS platform:

Step	What To Do
Step 1 Create Actor	Create an EV Infrastructure actor. Set Location Usage: Public / Semi-public / Private / Multi-Residential.
Step 2 DLM Settings	Set Circuit Breaker Max Capacity can be defined in Amperes (A) or Watts (W). When defined in Watts, the system automatically converts to Amperes per charger using voltage information. Also set Circuit Breaker Buffer (safety margin subtracted from limit).
Step 3 Register Chargers	Add each charger under the actor. Set EVSE Max Current, Charging Type (AC/DC), and Number of Phases.
Step 4 Profiles (optional)	Define Tx Default Profiles per mode. See section above for recommended values.
Monitoring	Use Charging Station Dynamic Status, DLM Analysis BI Reports (15-min phase trends), and Events Log.

See an example from CSMS > Operator

Watts (W) definition

Amperes (A) definition

Always configure Circuit Breaker Max Capacity (in Amperes or Watts) and Buffer before registering chargers, missing these values causes incorrect DLM behavior.

Benefits at a Glance

Benefit	Impact
Lower Infrastructure Cost	Deploy more chargers without expensive supply upgrades.
Full Charger Utilization	No charger sits idle while others are overloaded.
Safe at All Times	Total demand never exceeds site capacity. Fail-safe on disconnect.
Fair for Drivers	Every connected vehicle gets a share of available power.
Easy to Scale	New chargers are auto included in DLM on first Boot Notification.
Offline Safety	Default profiles protect the site even if DLM is unreachable.